Organo-Mineral Fertilization Based on Olive Waste Sludge Compost and Various Phosphate Sources Improves Phosphorus Agronomic Efficiency, Zea mays Agro-Physiological Traits, and Water Availability

In the context of intensive and sustainable agriculture, limiting soil degradation loss organic matter has become an obligation to maintain food security. The use organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF) products is innovative technology that may solve different challenges raised. This study aimed evaluate effect various formulations on Zea mays agro-physiological traits, phosphorus (P)-related parameters, water conservation during a 90-day pot experiment. OMF consisted blending several doses stable OMWS compost (10 t /ha(OMF1), 50 t/ha (OMF2), or 100 (OMF3)) with sources mineral P, namely diammonium phosphate (DAP), rock (RP), washing sludge (PWS), compared separate applications. results indicated plants was strongly dependent source P used dose compost. best agronomic performance attributed OMF1-based DAP, which resulted in significant improvement shoot root biomass dry weight by more than 260% 40%, respectively. However, using OMF2 formulation optimal when RP PWS as sources. Independently type fertilizer, addition OM systematically improved multiple properties, including availability, nutrient concentrations, such available exchangeable potassium, magnesium. Furthermore, plant’s respiration, photosynthetic activity, assimilations were positively affected formulations. Overall, our demonstrate fertilization promising solution for increasing efficiency low-P high-P fertilizers alkaline soils through direct indirect mechanisms involving properties higher solubilization.